Klinische FragestellungLeukodystrophien, Beginn im Erwachsenenalter; Differentialdiagnose
Zusammenfassung
Ein umfassendes panel für die Differentialdiagnostik der Leukodystrophien, Beginn im Erwachsenenalter, mit 13 Leitlinien-kuratierten core"-Genen und insgesamt 51 kuratierten Genen
Locus-Typ | Anzahl |
---|---|
Gen | 38 |
76,7 kb (Erweitertes Panel: inkl. additional genes)
- EDTA-Blut (3-5 ml)
NGS +
Loci
Gen
Name | Exon-Länge (bp) | OMIM-G | Referenz-Seq. | Erbgang |
---|---|---|---|---|
ABCD1 | 2238 | NM_000033.4 | XLR | |
ARSA | 1530 | NM_000487.6 | AR | |
CLCN2 | 2697 | NM_004366.6 | AR | |
COL4A1 | 5010 | NM_001845.6 | AD, Mult | |
CSF1R | 2919 | NM_005211.4 | AD | |
EIF2B1 | 918 | NM_001414.4 | AR | |
EIF2B2 | 1056 | NM_014239.4 | AR | |
EIF2B3 | 1359 | NM_020365.5 | AR | |
EIF2B4 | 1569 | NM_015636.4 | AR | |
EIF2B5 | 2166 | NM_003907.3 | AR | |
GFAP | 1299 | NM_002055.5 | AD | |
LMNB1 | 1761 | NM_005573.4 | AD | |
PLP1 | 834 | NM_000533.5 | XLR | |
AARS2 | 2958 | NM_020745.4 | AR | |
ALDH3A2 | 1458 | NM_000382.3 | AR | |
AUH | 1020 | NM_001698.3 | AR | |
CBS | 1656 | NM_000071.3 | AR | |
COL4A2 | 5139 | NM_001846.4 | AD | |
CTSA | 1497 | NM_000308.4 | AR | |
CYP27A1 | 1596 | NM_000784.4 | AR | |
DARS2 | 1938 | NM_018122.5 | AR | |
GALC | 2058 | NM_000153.4 | AR | |
GJA1 | 1149 | NM_000165.5 | AD, AR | |
GJC2 | 1320 | NM_020435.4 | AR | |
GLA | 1290 | NM_000169.3 | XL | |
HEPACAM | 1251 | NM_152722.5 | AD, AR | |
HTRA1 | 1443 | NM_002775.5 | AD, AR | |
MTHFR | 1971 | NM_005957.5 | AR | |
NOTCH3 | 6966 | NM_000435.3 | AD | |
POLR3A | 4173 | NM_007055.4 | AR | |
POLR3B | 3402 | NM_018082.6 | AR | |
PSAP | 1575 | NM_002778.4 | AR | |
RNF216 | 2772 | NM_207111.4 | AR | |
TREM2 | 660 | NM_001271821.2 | AR | |
TREX1 | 945 | NM_033629.6 | AD, AR | |
TUBB4A | 1335 | NM_006087.4 | AD | |
TYMP | 1449 | NM_001953.5 | AR | |
TYROBP | 309 | NM_001173514.2 | AR |
Infos zur Erkrankung
Leukodystrophien sind erbliche Krankheiten, die die weiße Substanz des Gehirns betreffen. Besonders betroffen sind Zellen der Axon-Glia-Einheit, wie Oligodendrozyten, Astrozyten, Ependymzellen und Mikroglia. Die zu Grunde liegenden pathologischen Mechanismen sind sehr unterschiedlich und umfassen unter anderem angeborene Stoffwechselstörungen, Störungen der Proteinbiosynthese, oxidativen Stress und Energiemangel. Neben der Beteiligung der weißen Substanz weisen einige Leukodystrophien eine ausgeprägte axonale Pathologie auf, entweder im Frühstadium der Erkrankung oder sekundär infolge einer fortschreitenden Myelinzerstörung in späteren Krankheitsstadien. In vielen Fällen kann eine Diagnose nur auf Grund der molekularen Ätiologie gestellt werden. Leukodystrophien können im gesamten Leben auftreten. Leukodystrophien weisen nur selten eine genaue Genotyp-Phänotyp-Korrelation auf, und ein und ein und dieselbe pathologische Genvariante kann in ein und derselben Familie sowohl Phänotypen im Kindes- als auch im Erwachsenenalter verursachen. Die führenden Symptome von Leukodystrophien im Erwachsenenalter sind (1) motorische Symptome, die mit schwerfälligem Gang und Diplegie der unteren Extremitäten beginnen und schließlich zu schwerer Tetraplegie, Dysarthrie und Dysphagie führen; (2) Gangataxie; (3) vegetative Dysfunktionen wie Blasen-, Darm- oder Sexualstörungen; (4) kognitive Defizite, die sich zu schwerer Demenz entwickeln.
Literatur: https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC11348681/
- Alias: Leukodystrophies, adult
- Allelic: Angiopathy, hereditary, with nephropathy, aneurysms + muscle cramps (COL4A1)
- Allelic: Hemorrhage, intracerebral, susceptibility to (COL4A1)
- Allelic: Hex A pseudodeficiency (HEXA)
- Allelic: Lateral meningocele syndrome (NOTCH3)
- Allelic: Lung cancer, susceptibility to (ERCC6)
- Allelic: Macular degeneration, age-related, 7 (HTRA1)
- Allelic: Macular degeneration, age-related, neovascular type (HTRA1)
- Allelic: Macular degeneration, age-related, susceptibility to, 5 (ERCC6)
- Allelic: Microcephaly 26, primary, AD (LMNB1)
- Allelic: Myofibromatosis, infantile 2 (NOTCH3)
- Allelic: Neural tube defects, susceptibility to (MTHFR)
- Allelic: Parkinson disease 24, AD, susceptibility to (PSAP)
- Allelic: Premature ovarian failure 11 (ERCC6)
- Allelic: Progressive external ophthalmoplegia, AD 1 (POLG)
- Allelic: Progressive external ophthalmoplegia, AR 1 (POLG)
- Allelic: Retinal arteries, tortuosity of (COL4A1)
- Allelic: Schizophrenia, susceptibility to (MTHFR1)
- Allelic: Sialic acid storage disorder, infantile (SLC17A5)
- Allelic: Thromboembolism, susceptibility to (MTHFR)
- Allelic: Thrombosis, hyperhomocysteinemic (CBS)
- Allelic: UV-sensitive syndrome 1 (ERCC6)
- Allelic: UV-sensitive syndrome 2 (ERCC8)
- Allelic: Vascular disease, susceptibility to (MTHFR)
- 3-methylglutaconic aciduria, type I (AUH)
- Adrenoleukodystrophy; Adrenomyeloneuropathy, adult (ABCD1)
- Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 1, AD + AR (TREX1)
- Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 2 (RNASEH2B)
- Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 3 (RNASEH2C)
- Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 4 (RNASEH2A)
- Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 5 (SAMHD1)
- Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 6 (ADAR)
- Aicardi-Goutieres syndrome 7 (IFIH1)
- Alexander disease (GFAP)
- Brain small vessel disease with/-out ocular anomalies (COL4A1)
- CARASIL syndrome (HTRA1)
- Canavan disease (ASPA)
- Cerebellar ataxia + hypogonadotropic hypogonadism (RNF216)
- Cerebral arteriopathy with subcortical infarcts + leukoencephalopathy 1 (NOTCH3)
- Cerebral arteriopathy, AD, with subcortical infarcts + leukoencephalopathy, type 2 (HTRA1)
- Cerebrooculofacioskeletal syndrome 1 (ERCC6)
- Cerebrotendinous xanthomatosis (CYP27A1)
- Cockayne syndrome, type A (ERCC8)
- Cockayne syndrome, type B (ERCC6)
- Combined SAP deficiency (PSAP)
- De Sanctis-Cacchione syndrome (ERCC6)
- Fucosidosis (FUCA1)
- GM2-gangliosidosis, several forms (HEXA)
- Galactosialidosis (CTSA)
- Gaucher disease, atypical (PSAP)
- Glutaricaciduria, type I (GCDH)
- Homocystinuria due to MTHFR deficiency (MTHFR)
- Homocystinuria, B6-responsive + nonresponsive types (CBS)
- Krabbe disease (GALC)
- Krabbe disease, atypical (PSAP)
- L-2-hydroxyglutaric aciduria (L2HGDH syn. L2HGDA)
- Leukodystrophy, adult-onset, AD (LMNB1)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 10 (PICR2)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 11 (POLR1C)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 12 (VPS11)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 13 (HIKESHI)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 14 (UFM1)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 15 (EPRS)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 16 (TMEM106B)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 17 (AIMP2)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 18 (DEGS1)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 19, transient infantile (TMEM63A)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 1; Pelizaeus-Merzbacher disease (PLP1)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 2 (GJC2)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 3 (AIMP1)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 4 (HSPD1)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 5 (FAM126A)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 6 (TUBB4A)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 7, with/-out oligodontia +/or hypogonad. hypogonad. (POLR3A)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 8, with/-out oligodontia +/or hypogonad. hypogonad. (POLR3B)
- Leukodystrophy, hypomyelinating, 9 (RARS1)
- Leukoencephalopathy with ataxia (CLCN2)
- Leukoencephalopathy with brain stem, spinal cord involvement, lactate elevation (DARS2)
- Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter (EIF2B1, EIF2B2, EIF2B3, EIF2B4, EIF2B5)
- Leukoencephalopathy, diffuse hereditary, with spheroids (CSF1R)
- Leukoencephalopathy, progressive, with ovarian failure (AARS2)
- Mannosidosis, alpha-, types I + II (MAN2B1)
- Megalencephalic leukoenceph., subcortical cysts 2B, remitting, with/-out ment. retard. (HEPACAM)
- Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy, subcortical cysts (MLC1)
- Megalencephalic leukoencephalopathy, subcortical cysts 2A (HEPACAM)
- Metachromatic leukodystrophy (ARSA)
- Metachromatic leukodystrophy due to SAP-b deficiency (PSAP)
- Microangiopathy + leukoencephalopathy, pontine, AD (COL4A1)
- Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 1, MNGIE type (TYMP)
- Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4A, Alpers type (POLG)
- Mitochondrial DNA depletion syndrome 4B, MNGIE type (POLG)
- Mitochondrial recessive ataxia syndrome, includes SANDO + SCAE (POLG)
- Mucolipidosis IV (MCOLN1)
- Polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy 1 (TYROBP)
- Polycystic lipomembranous osteodysplasia with sclerosing leukoencephalopathy 2 (TREM2)
- Polyglucosan body disease, adult form (GBE1)
- Salla disease (SLC17A5)
- Sjogren-Larsson syndrome (ALDH3A2)
- Tay-Sachs disease (HEXA)
- AD
- AR
- Mult
- XL
- XLR
- Multiple OMIM-Ps
Bioinformatik und klinische Interpretation
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